Xcode
 Xcode 4.0 running on Mac OS X 10.6 |
|
| Developer(s) | Apple Inc. |
|---|---|
| Stable release | 4.4 (4F250) / July 25, 2012 |
| Preview release | 4.5 Developer Preview 3 (4G125j) / July 16, 2012 |
| Operating system | Mac OS X 10.3 (Version 1.x) Mac OS X 10.4 (Version 2.x) Mac OS X 10.5 (Versions 2.5, 3.0, 3.1) Mac OS X 10.6 (Versions 3.2, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2) Mac OS X 10.7 (Versions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5) OS X 10.8 (Version 4.4, 4.5) |
| Type | Integrated Development Environment (IDE) |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | Apple – Xcode |
Contents |
Composition
The main application of the suite is the integrated development environment (IDE), also named Xcode. The Xcode suite also includes most of Apple's developer documentation, and built-in Interface Builder, an application used to construct graphical user interfaces.The Xcode suite includes a modified version of the GNU Compiler Collection as well as, in Xcode 3.1 and later, the llvm-gcc compiler, with front ends from the GNU Compiler Collection and a code generator based on LLVM,[3], and, in Xcode 3.2 and later, Apple's LLVM Compiler, with the clang front end and a code generator based on LLVM, and the Clang Static Analyzer.[4] It supports C, C++, Objective-C, Objective-C++, Java, AppleScript, Python and Ruby source code with a variety of programming models, including but not limited to Cocoa, Carbon, and Java. Third parties have added support for GNU Pascal,[5] Free Pascal,[6] Ada,[7] C#,[8] Perl,[9] and D. The Xcode suite used the GNU Debugger as the back-end for its debugger. As of version 4.2 the Apple LLVM Compiler became the default compiler[10]. LLDB became the default debugger as of Xcode 4.3.
1.x series
Xcode 1.0 was released in fall 2003. Xcode 1.0 was based on Project Builder, but had an updated UI, ZeroLink, Fix & Continue, distributed build support, and Code Sense indexing.The next significant release, Xcode 1.5, had better code completion and an improved debugger.
2.x series
Xcode 2.0 was released with Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger". It included the Quartz Composer visual programming language, better Code Sense indexing for Java, and Ant support. It also included the Apple Reference Library tool, which lets you search and read online documentation from Apple’s website and local documentation installed on your machine.Xcode 2.1 could create universal binaries. It supported Shared Precompiled Headers, unit testing targets, conditional breakpoints, and watchpoints. It also had better dependency analysis.
The final version of Xcode for Mac OS X v10.4 was 2.5.
3.x series
Xcode 3.0 was released with Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard". Notable changes since 2.1 include[11] the DTrace debugging tool (now called Instruments), refactoring support, context-sensitive documentation, and Objective-C 2.0 with garbage collection. It also supports Project Snapshots, which provide a basic form of version control; Message Bubbles, which show build errors debug values alongside code; and building four-architecture fat binaries (32 and 64-bit Intel and PowerPC).Xcode 3.1 was an update release of the developer tools for Mac OS X, and was the same version included with the iPhone SDK. It could target non-Mac OS X platforms, including iPhone OS 2.0. It included the GCC 4.2 and LLVM GCC 4.2 compilers. Another new feature since Xcode 3.1 is that Xcode's SCM support now supports Subversion 1.5.
Xcode 3.2 was released with Mac OS X v10.6 "Snow Leopard" and will not install on any earlier version of Mac OS X. It supports static program analysis, among other features. It also drops official support for targeting versions earlier than iPhone OS 3.0. But it is still possible to target older versions, and the simulator supports iPhone OS 2.0 through 3.1. Also, Java support is "exiled" in 3.2 to the organizer.[12]
Xcode 3.2.6 is the last version that can be downloaded for free for users of Mac OS X v10.6. Downloading it requires a free registration at Apple's developer site (but a paid developer program membership is not required).
4.x series
In June 2010 at the World Wide Developers Conference, Apple announced version 4 of Xcode during the Developer Tools State of the Union address. Version 4 of the developer tools consolidates the Xcode editing tools and Interface Builder into a single application, among other enhancements.[13][14] Apple released the final code for Xcode 4.0 on March 9, 2011. The software was made available for free to all registered members of the $99 per year Mac Developer program and the $99 per year iOS Developer program. It was also sold for $4.99 to non-members on the Mac App Store (no longer available). As of July 20, 2011 (the day of Mac OS X Lion's release), Xcode 4.1 was made available for free to all users of Mac OS X Lion on the Mac App Store. On August 29, 2011, Xcode 4.1 was made available for Mac OS X Snow Leopard for members of the paid or free Mac or iOS developer programs. On October 12, 2011, Xcode 4.2 was released concurrently with the release of iOS 5.0, it included many more and improved features like storyboarding and automatic correction.Xcode 4.0 drops support for many older systems, including all PowerPC development as well as SDKs for Mac OS X 10.4 and 10.5, and all iOS SDKs older than 4.3. The deployment target can still be set to produce binaries for those older platforms, but for the Mac OS platforms one is then limited to creating x86 and x86_64 binaries.
Xcode 4.3 is distributed as a single application bundle, Xcode.app, installed from the Mac App Store. Xcode 4.3 reorganizes the Xcode menu to include development tools. Xcode 4.3 was released on February 16, 2012. Xcode 4.3.1 was released on March 7, 2012 and added support for iOS 5.1. Xcode 4.3.2 was released on March 22, 2012 with enhancements to the iOS Simulator and a suggested move to the LLDB debugger as opposed to the GDB debugger (which appear to be un-documented changes).[citation needed]
Xcode 4.4 was released on July 25, 2012. [15]
Major features
Among the features of the Xcode suite is the technology to distribute the building of source code over multiple computers. The original, now called Shared Workgroup Build, uses the Bonjour protocol to automatically discover computers providing compiler services, and the free software distcc. More recent versions of Xcode added a second system, called Dedicated Network Builds, which scales better to larger configurations.Thanks to the Mach-O executable format, which allows for “fat binaries" containing code for multiple architectures, Xcode can build universal binaries which allow software to run on both PowerPC and Intel-based (x86) platforms and that can include both 32-bit and 64-bit code for both architectures. Using the iOS SDK, Xcode can also be used to compile and debug applications for iOS that run on the ARM processor.
Xcode also includes Apple's WebObjects tools and frameworks for building Java web applications and web services (previously sold as a separate product). As of Xcode 3.0, Apple dropped[16] WebObjects development inside Xcode; WOLips[17] should be used instead. Xcode 3 still includes the WebObjects frameworks.
Xcode includes the GUI tool Instruments, which runs atop DTrace, a dynamic tracing framework created by Sun Microsystems and released as part of OpenSolaris.
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