Tuesday, June 28, 2011
Thursday, June 23, 2011
PHARMACY DISTANT PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
PHARMACY DISTANCE/CORRESPONDENT COURSE IN INDIA
ANNAMALI UNIVERSITY
- P.G. Diploma Hospital Pharmacy Management
- P.G. Diploma in Promoting Rational Drug Use
- P.G. Diploma in Pharmacy Practice
- P.G. Diploma Drug Store Management
IGNOU
- Post Graduate Diploma in Pharmaceutical Sales Management
Detalis check IGNOU web site www.ignou.ac.in
IGNOU contact class
School of Vocational Education and Training
(Tel 011-29536982)
(Tel 011-29536982)
Email (sovet@ignou.ac.in)
BEST PHARMACY COLLEGES IN U.S.A
ADMISSION TO PHARMACY SCHOOLS IN U.S.A.-2011
University of California--San Francisco
School of Pharmacy
Address:1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-0775
Admissions Phone:(415) 476-1947
E-mail:debbie.acoba@ucsf.edu
Admission details click here
University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill
School of Pharmacy
Address:CB #7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360
Admissions Phone:(919) 966-9429
Admissions E-mail:pharmacy_admissions@unc.edu
Admission details click here
University of Minnesota--Twin Cities
College of Pharmacy
Address:308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Admissions Phone:(612) 624-9490
Admissions E-mail:pharmacy@umn.edu
Admission details click here click here
University of Texas--Austin
College of Pharmacy
Address:1 University Station A1900, Austin, TX 78712-0120
Admissions Phone:(512) 471-1737
Admissions E-mail:pharmacy@www.utexas.edu
Admission details click here
Ohio State University--Columbus
College of Pharmacy
Address:217 Parks Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
Admissions Phone:(614) 292-2266
Admissions E-mail:odmail@pharmacy.ohio-state.edu
Admission details click here
University of Kentucky
Address:725 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0082
Admissions Phone:(859) 323-6163
Admissions E-mail:pharmsci@uky.edu
Admission details click here
University of Michigan--Ann Arbor
Address:428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065
Admissions Phone:(734) 764-7312
Admissions E-mail:lmalex@umich.edu
Admission details click here
University of Washington
Address:H-364 Health Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195-7631
Admissions Phone:(206) 685-2715
Admissions E-mail:pharminf@u.washington.edu
Admission details click here
Purdue University--West Lafayette
Address:575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091
Admissions Phone:(765) 494-1361
Admissions E-mail:admissions@pharmacy.purdue.edu
Admission details click here
University of Arizona
Address:1295 N. Martin, Tucson, AZ 85721
Admissions Phone:(520) 626-7265
Admissions E-mail:admissionsinfo@pharmacy.arizona.edu
Admission details click here:
University of Florida
Address:PO Box 100484, Gainesville, FL 32610-0484
Admissions Phone:(352) 273-6312
Admissions E-mail:frontdesk@cop.ufl.edu
Admission details click here:
University of Illinois--Chicago
Address:833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
Admissions Phone:(312) 996-7242
Admissions E-mail:uicpharm@uic.edu
Admission details click here
University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill
School of Pharmacy
Address:CB #7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360
Admissions Phone:(919) 966-9429
Admissions E-mail:pharmacy_admissions@unc.edu
Admission details click hereJNTU IV-I JNTU EXAM PAPERS
JNTU HYD IV B.Pharmacy I SEMESTER Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep-2008. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
I .a) What are the advantages and limitations of QSAR?
b) Explain the importance of isomerism. With the help of few examples. in drug
action.
2.a) Discuss drug — receptor interaction. What is transduction mechanism?
b) Write about CADD and molecular modelling.
3.a.) Explain the classification of drugs on the basis of their therapeutic actions.
b) Write about the mechanism of action of prostaglandins.
4.a) Describe the synthetic procedures of any two important adrenergic drugs?
b) Give their mode of action, structure activity relationships and uses.
5 Define antihistamines. Explain their mode of action, structure activity
relationships and uses.
6. Write notes on
a) Eicosanoids
b) Neuromuscular blocking agents.
7. Classify analgesic and antipyretic drugs, with suitable examples. Discuss their
mechanism of action. Write the synthesis of any two agents of this class.
8. Write the structure and therapeutic uses of the following drugs:
a) Atropine b) Ephedrine HCI
c) Chlorpheniramine d) Paracetamol
e) Papaverine Hcl f) Propranolol HCI g) Oxvtocjn.
b) Explain the importance of isomerism. With the help of few examples. in drug
action.
2.a) Discuss drug — receptor interaction. What is transduction mechanism?
b) Write about CADD and molecular modelling.
3.a.) Explain the classification of drugs on the basis of their therapeutic actions.
b) Write about the mechanism of action of prostaglandins.
4.a) Describe the synthetic procedures of any two important adrenergic drugs?
b) Give their mode of action, structure activity relationships and uses.
5 Define antihistamines. Explain their mode of action, structure activity
relationships and uses.
6. Write notes on
a) Eicosanoids
b) Neuromuscular blocking agents.
7. Classify analgesic and antipyretic drugs, with suitable examples. Discuss their
mechanism of action. Write the synthesis of any two agents of this class.
8. Write the structure and therapeutic uses of the following drugs:
a) Atropine b) Ephedrine HCI
c) Chlorpheniramine d) Paracetamol
e) Papaverine Hcl f) Propranolol HCI g) Oxvtocjn.
JNTU HYD IV B. Pharmacy I SEMESTER Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep-2008. Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics
Time:3 hours Max. Marks: 70
1.a) Define Bio-pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics and give the importance in
formulation development.
b) Define Absorption. Differentiate active and passive transport of drugs.
2.a) Give the importance of particle size, Dissolution rate and pK., on
absorption of drugs.
b) Explain the mechanism of absorption of following compounds.
i) Insulin ii) Vitamin B12.
3.a) What are the factors which effect protein binding and give its clinical
significance.
b) A drug when administered at a dose of 50mg showed an initial concentration
of 0.5mg/ml. Given the half life of the drug 1 .5hr, what is the total clearance of
the drug?
4.a) Write in detail about compartment modelling.
b) What is Mean Residence Time”. Give its significance.
5.a) Mention Various PH-kinetic parameters that can be assessed following oral
administration of a drug.
b) Define absorption rate constant. Discuss the methods to determine absorption
rate constant and its significance.
6. Discuss the significance of Non-linear pharmacokinetjcs with reference to
one compartment model after IV administration and explain the detection of
Non-linearity.
7. What is clinical pharmacokinetics. Discuss the dosage adjustment in patients
with and without Renal & Heptic failure.
8.a) Define Absolute and Relative Bioavailability.
b) Discuss in detail the Bioavailability study protocol.
1.a) Define Bio-pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics and give the importance in
formulation development.
b) Define Absorption. Differentiate active and passive transport of drugs.
2.a) Give the importance of particle size, Dissolution rate and pK., on
absorption of drugs.
b) Explain the mechanism of absorption of following compounds.
i) Insulin ii) Vitamin B12.
3.a) What are the factors which effect protein binding and give its clinical
significance.
b) A drug when administered at a dose of 50mg showed an initial concentration
of 0.5mg/ml. Given the half life of the drug 1 .5hr, what is the total clearance of
the drug?
4.a) Write in detail about compartment modelling.
b) What is Mean Residence Time”. Give its significance.
5.a) Mention Various PH-kinetic parameters that can be assessed following oral
administration of a drug.
b) Define absorption rate constant. Discuss the methods to determine absorption
rate constant and its significance.
6. Discuss the significance of Non-linear pharmacokinetjcs with reference to
one compartment model after IV administration and explain the detection of
Non-linearity.
7. What is clinical pharmacokinetics. Discuss the dosage adjustment in patients
with and without Renal & Heptic failure.
8.a) Define Absolute and Relative Bioavailability.
b) Discuss in detail the Bioavailability study protocol.
JNTU HYD IV B.Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008 PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION
1. (a) Define Cooperative society. What are its features?
(b) Write a brief note on Consumers’ cooperative societies. [8+8]
2. Write short notes on
(a) EOQ
(b) VED
(c) Quality Control
(d) Plant layout. (4+4+4+4)
3. Define Air pollution List the nature of air pollution and its adverse effects on
environment. (16)
4. (a) Define Foreign Tade. Write the procedure for export of goods.
(b) What are the advantages and limitations of international trade? (8+8)
5. Explain the special provisions regarding the location of pharmaceutical
industry? (16)
6. Write about the export and import of drugs and pharmaceuticals in India?
[16J
7. Mention the panel and board of members of Pharmaceutical Experts
Association (PEXA). (16)
8. Explain in detail about the Structure or layout of a drug store? (16)
(b) Write a brief note on Consumers’ cooperative societies. [8+8]
2. Write short notes on
(a) EOQ
(b) VED
(c) Quality Control
(d) Plant layout. (4+4+4+4)
3. Define Air pollution List the nature of air pollution and its adverse effects on
environment. (16)
4. (a) Define Foreign Tade. Write the procedure for export of goods.
(b) What are the advantages and limitations of international trade? (8+8)
5. Explain the special provisions regarding the location of pharmaceutical
industry? (16)
6. Write about the export and import of drugs and pharmaceuticals in India?
[16J
7. Mention the panel and board of members of Pharmaceutical Experts
Association (PEXA). (16)
8. Explain in detail about the Structure or layout of a drug store? (16)
JNTU HYD IV B.Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
1. Discuss the role of pharmacokinetics in designing a dosage form. (16)
2. Give an account of various mechanisms of drug absorption across cell
membrane. (16)
3. Write an essay on distribution of drugs in central neivoua system. (16)
4. (a) When is drug binding irreversible
(b) What is the therapeutic implication in such irreversible binding. (8+8)
5. Write a note on:
(a) compartment models.
(b) michaclis-menten equation.
6. (a) Describe the scope of clinical pharmacokinctics with suitable examples
(b) Explain how to adjust the dose in patient with and without Hepatic failure
[8+8]
7. Define Bioavailability. Explain various measurements of Bioavailability. (16)
8. What is Bioequivalence? Give design of simple dose bioequivalence study
with suitable examples.(16)
2. Give an account of various mechanisms of drug absorption across cell
membrane. (16)
3. Write an essay on distribution of drugs in central neivoua system. (16)
4. (a) When is drug binding irreversible
(b) What is the therapeutic implication in such irreversible binding. (8+8)
5. Write a note on:
(a) compartment models.
(b) michaclis-menten equation.
6. (a) Describe the scope of clinical pharmacokinctics with suitable examples
(b) Explain how to adjust the dose in patient with and without Hepatic failure
[8+8]
7. Define Bioavailability. Explain various measurements of Bioavailability. (16)
8. What is Bioequivalence? Give design of simple dose bioequivalence study
with suitable examples.(16)
JNTU HYD IV B. Pharmacy I SEMESTER SUPPLY MAY 20009 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Define and classify immunity. Describe the different immunological
reactions? [16]
2. What are monoclonal antibodies 7 Describe the method by which they are
produced. Give their applications? (16)
3. (a) How do you optimize fermentation parametes?
(b) How do you produce low volume and high value products employing r-
DNA technology? [8+8]
4 Write notes on
(a) Bioproducts and Bioprocess
(b) Solid state fermentation
(c) Aerobic fermentation
(d) Primary and Secondary metabolism
.
5. Describe in detail about chemically induced mutation with suitable examples.
6. (a) What is glowing culture process? Explain the salient features of growing,
culture process.
(b) Write notes on resting cells and immobilized cells. (10+6)
7. How do you Classify proteases? Give a detail account of any three important
categories. (16)
8. (a) Write the preparation and uses of concentrated human red blood
corpuscles.
(b) What is dread human plasma? Write the advantages of dried human plasma
over whole blood. [8-8]
reactions? [16]
2. What are monoclonal antibodies 7 Describe the method by which they are
produced. Give their applications? (16)
3. (a) How do you optimize fermentation parametes?
(b) How do you produce low volume and high value products employing r-
DNA technology? [8+8]
4 Write notes on
(a) Bioproducts and Bioprocess
(b) Solid state fermentation
(c) Aerobic fermentation
(d) Primary and Secondary metabolism
.
5. Describe in detail about chemically induced mutation with suitable examples.
6. (a) What is glowing culture process? Explain the salient features of growing,
culture process.
(b) Write notes on resting cells and immobilized cells. (10+6)
7. How do you Classify proteases? Give a detail account of any three important
categories. (16)
8. (a) Write the preparation and uses of concentrated human red blood
corpuscles.
(b) What is dread human plasma? Write the advantages of dried human plasma
over whole blood. [8-8]
JNTU HYD IV.B. Pharmacy I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2009 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
1. Give an account on the following:
a) Factors affecting bioactivity
b) Computer aided Drug Design.
c) QSAR. (5+5+6)
2. a) How the drug action is stimulated by the enzymes?
b) What is the role of conjugated reactions in the drug metabolism? [8+8]
3. a) Write about the structure activity relationship of barbiturates. How
Phenobarbital is synthesized?
b) Give the synthesis and uses for carbazepine and imipramine. [8+8]
4. a) Give the synthesis and uses of Benzocaine and Lidocaine
b) Give the synthesis and uses of Halothane and Ketaminc. [8+8]
5. Give the structure, chemical name, uses and describe the synthesis of any one
compound/drug.
a)Amphetamifle. b) Salbutamol. c) Dopamine. [16]
6. Discuss the following, categorized in synthetic cholinergic blocking agents:
a) Aminoalcohol esters b) Aminoalcohol ethers
c) Aminoalcohols d) Aminoamides. [4+4+4+4]
7. Discuss the SAR, MOA and uses of the following drugs:
a) Atenolol b) Labetelol. [8±8]
8. Name an anticholinergic drug, which finds its application as an adjunct in
treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, Discuss the chemistry of the drug
chosen. [16]
a) Factors affecting bioactivity
b) Computer aided Drug Design.
c) QSAR. (5+5+6)
2. a) How the drug action is stimulated by the enzymes?
b) What is the role of conjugated reactions in the drug metabolism? [8+8]
3. a) Write about the structure activity relationship of barbiturates. How
Phenobarbital is synthesized?
b) Give the synthesis and uses for carbazepine and imipramine. [8+8]
4. a) Give the synthesis and uses of Benzocaine and Lidocaine
b) Give the synthesis and uses of Halothane and Ketaminc. [8+8]
5. Give the structure, chemical name, uses and describe the synthesis of any one
compound/drug.
a)Amphetamifle. b) Salbutamol. c) Dopamine. [16]
6. Discuss the following, categorized in synthetic cholinergic blocking agents:
a) Aminoalcohol esters b) Aminoalcohol ethers
c) Aminoalcohols d) Aminoamides. [4+4+4+4]
7. Discuss the SAR, MOA and uses of the following drugs:
a) Atenolol b) Labetelol. [8±8]
8. Name an anticholinergic drug, which finds its application as an adjunct in
treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, Discuss the chemistry of the drug
chosen. [16]
JNTU HYD IV B. Pharmacy I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2009 PHARMACOLOGY-llI
Time: 3hours Max. Marks:S0
1. Write short notes on:
a) Digestants b) Mucolytics c) Anti Secretary agents d) Protectives.
2. Give an account of Cephalosporins:
a) First generation. b) Second generation. c) Third generation. d) Fourth
generation. (4+4+4+4)
3. Write notes on: a) Kanamycin. b) Gentamycin. c) Neomycin. (5+5+6)
4. Write short notes on: a)Clofazimine. b) Suiphones. c) Dapsone. [5+5+6]
5. Write the pharmacology and adverse reaction of
a) Idoxuridine b) Adenosine arabinoside. c) Acyclovir d) Granciclovir.
[4+4+4+4]
6. Add a note on antimalignant antibiotics? Write notes on Vmca
alkaloids. [16]
7. Write note on the following immunosupprents
a) Tacrolimus b) Thalidomide
c) muramanab-CD3 d) Mycophenolatemofetil. (4+4+4+4)
8. Write the pharmacology and adverse reaction of systemically acting
antifungal agents? [16]
1. Write short notes on:
a) Digestants b) Mucolytics c) Anti Secretary agents d) Protectives.
2. Give an account of Cephalosporins:
a) First generation. b) Second generation. c) Third generation. d) Fourth
generation. (4+4+4+4)
3. Write notes on: a) Kanamycin. b) Gentamycin. c) Neomycin. (5+5+6)
4. Write short notes on: a)Clofazimine. b) Suiphones. c) Dapsone. [5+5+6]
5. Write the pharmacology and adverse reaction of
a) Idoxuridine b) Adenosine arabinoside. c) Acyclovir d) Granciclovir.
[4+4+4+4]
6. Add a note on antimalignant antibiotics? Write notes on Vmca
alkaloids. [16]
7. Write note on the following immunosupprents
a) Tacrolimus b) Thalidomide
c) muramanab-CD3 d) Mycophenolatemofetil. (4+4+4+4)
8. Write the pharmacology and adverse reaction of systemically acting
antifungal agents? [16]
JNTU HYDERABAD IV. B.Pharmacy I Semester Supplementary Examinations May 2009 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
1. Explain the role of Biopharmaceutics in formulation development and
in drug therapy. [16]
2. Describe the stiucture and physiology of cell membrane. Describe
about pre systemic metabolism or first pass effect. [16]
3. a. What is the mechanism of distribution of drug
b. What are the various factors effecting drug distribution. [8+8]
4.a. When is drug binding irreversible
b. What is the therapeutic implication in such irreversible binding. (8+8)
5. Give an account on:
a. First order Absorption rate constant.
b. Biological half-life. [8+8]
6. Enumerate the various Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions and its significance
in Combination Therapy with suitable examples. (16)
7. a. What are the objective of Bioavailability studies.
b. Explain with significance the parameters used in Bioavailability
determination by plasma level studies. (6+10]
8. a. Enumerate the Bioavailability and Bioequivalence.
b. Evaluate testing protocols with suitable examples. [16]
All questions carry equal marks
1. Explain the role of Biopharmaceutics in formulation development and
in drug therapy. [16]
2. Describe the stiucture and physiology of cell membrane. Describe
about pre systemic metabolism or first pass effect. [16]
3. a. What is the mechanism of distribution of drug
b. What are the various factors effecting drug distribution. [8+8]
4.a. When is drug binding irreversible
b. What is the therapeutic implication in such irreversible binding. (8+8)
5. Give an account on:
a. First order Absorption rate constant.
b. Biological half-life. [8+8]
6. Enumerate the various Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions and its significance
in Combination Therapy with suitable examples. (16)
7. a. What are the objective of Bioavailability studies.
b. Explain with significance the parameters used in Bioavailability
determination by plasma level studies. (6+10]
8. a. Enumerate the Bioavailability and Bioequivalence.
b. Evaluate testing protocols with suitable examples. [16]
JNTU HYDERABAD IV B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-II
Answer any Five questions
All questions carry equal marks
1 .a) What is meant by receptor? List the different types of receptors and
explain their biological role.
b)Explain the bio-sigmficance of ionization of molecules with respect its
bioactivity.
2. a) Write the types of biotransformation.
b) Delne the terms: ‘enzyme induction’ and ‘enzyme inhibition’.
c) List the enzymes involved in the drug inhibition highlighting their
significance.
3. a) Give a note on MAO inhibitors.
b) Outline the synthesis, MOA and therapeutic uses of doxepine and sertraline.
4. Outline the synthesis, MOA, SAR and uses of following
a) Ketamine.
b) Halothane.
5. a) Outline the biosynthesis, storage and release of catecholamimes.
b) Give the synthetic protocol and mechanism of following:
i) Salbutamol.
ii) Amphetamine.
6. a) Give a comprehensive account on clinical importance of cholinomimetjcs.
b) Explain the bio-signiflcance of neurochemical transmission.
7.a) Describe the SAR of a1 antagonists.
b) Describe the SAR of quinazoline /3 antagonists.
8.a) Muscarinic antagonists are contraindicated in patients with glaucoma.
Explain.
b) Give the synthesis, mode of action and uses of anticholinergic drug
containing tricyclic ring system.
All questions carry equal marks
1 .a) What is meant by receptor? List the different types of receptors and
explain their biological role.
b)Explain the bio-sigmficance of ionization of molecules with respect its
bioactivity.
2. a) Write the types of biotransformation.
b) Delne the terms: ‘enzyme induction’ and ‘enzyme inhibition’.
c) List the enzymes involved in the drug inhibition highlighting their
significance.
3. a) Give a note on MAO inhibitors.
b) Outline the synthesis, MOA and therapeutic uses of doxepine and sertraline.
4. Outline the synthesis, MOA, SAR and uses of following
a) Ketamine.
b) Halothane.
5. a) Outline the biosynthesis, storage and release of catecholamimes.
b) Give the synthetic protocol and mechanism of following:
i) Salbutamol.
ii) Amphetamine.
6. a) Give a comprehensive account on clinical importance of cholinomimetjcs.
b) Explain the bio-signiflcance of neurochemical transmission.
7.a) Describe the SAR of a1 antagonists.
b) Describe the SAR of quinazoline /3 antagonists.
8.a) Muscarinic antagonists are contraindicated in patients with glaucoma.
Explain.
b) Give the synthesis, mode of action and uses of anticholinergic drug
containing tricyclic ring system.
JNTU HYDERABAD IV B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, January 2010 PHARMACOLOGY-Ill
Answer any Five questions
All questions carry equal marks
1. Discuss in detail about the pharmacology of Proton pump inhibitors.
2. What are Penicillins? Write the mechanism of action, general toxicities and
therapeutic uses of Penicillins.
3. Write the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses and toxicities of
Chioramphenicol.
4. Define Antitubercular drugs. Explain in detail about any two second line
antitubercular drugs.
5.a) What are antiviral drugs ? Classify them
b) Write the mechanism of action, adverse effects, therapeutic uses and
pharmacokinetics of Acyclovir
6. Explain in detail about the antimetabolites used to treat cancer.
7. Explain the symptoms, mechanism and treatment of:
a) Barbiturate poisoning
b) Atropine poisoning.
8. Explain in detail about the different bioassay methods.
All questions carry equal marks
1. Discuss in detail about the pharmacology of Proton pump inhibitors.
2. What are Penicillins? Write the mechanism of action, general toxicities and
therapeutic uses of Penicillins.
3. Write the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses and toxicities of
Chioramphenicol.
4. Define Antitubercular drugs. Explain in detail about any two second line
antitubercular drugs.
5.a) What are antiviral drugs ? Classify them
b) Write the mechanism of action, adverse effects, therapeutic uses and
pharmacokinetics of Acyclovir
6. Explain in detail about the antimetabolites used to treat cancer.
7. Explain the symptoms, mechanism and treatment of:
a) Barbiturate poisoning
b) Atropine poisoning.
8. Explain in detail about the different bioassay methods.
JNTU HYDERABAD IV B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION
Answer any Five questions
All questions carry equal marks
1. a) What is Decision making? Write about the characteristics of Decision
Making and explain the steps in Decision making.
b) Brief note on Merits and Demerits of Formal and Informal Communication.
2. Discuss the most frequency encountering operating problems in
pharmaceutical production?
3. a) Write about workman safety and safety programme.
b) Write short notes on accidents in Pharmaceutical Industries and its preventive
measures.
4. Define distribution. Write about channels of distribution and explain in detail
about factors affecting channels of distribution
5.a) Give a detailed note on overview of Indian pharmaceutical Industry.
b) Achievements of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry.
6. a) Describe the export policy of life saving drugs.
b) Write a short note on insurance.
7. Short Notes on the following Pharmaceutical Associations.
a) Pharmaexil
b) OPPI
c) IDMA
d) IPGA
8. a) What is Drug store? Explain about methods of classification of various
items in drug store.
b) Write about Drug store management. How the drugs are arranged in drug
store?
All questions carry equal marks
1. a) What is Decision making? Write about the characteristics of Decision
Making and explain the steps in Decision making.
b) Brief note on Merits and Demerits of Formal and Informal Communication.
2. Discuss the most frequency encountering operating problems in
pharmaceutical production?
3. a) Write about workman safety and safety programme.
b) Write short notes on accidents in Pharmaceutical Industries and its preventive
measures.
4. Define distribution. Write about channels of distribution and explain in detail
about factors affecting channels of distribution
5.a) Give a detailed note on overview of Indian pharmaceutical Industry.
b) Achievements of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry.
6. a) Describe the export policy of life saving drugs.
b) Write a short note on insurance.
7. Short Notes on the following Pharmaceutical Associations.
a) Pharmaexil
b) OPPI
c) IDMA
d) IPGA
8. a) What is Drug store? Explain about methods of classification of various
items in drug store.
b) Write about Drug store management. How the drugs are arranged in drug
store?
JNTU HYDERABAD IV - B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 BIO-PHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS
Answer any FIVE questions.
All questions carry equal marks.
1. a)What are the different pharmacokinetic parameters to be considered in
designing a dosage regimen?
b) Define and explain such pharmacokinetic parameters.
2.a) What is dissolution? Explain various theories of dissolution
b) Discuss the parameters that influence rate of dissolution of drug.
3. Explain the structure and mode of penetration of drug through following
barriers.
i) Simple capillary endothelial barrier
ii) Cell membrane barrier
iii) Blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier
iv) Placental barrier.
4.a) What type of changes are observed normally in body constituents in several
Physiological and pathologic conditions? How do they affect drug binding?
Explain.
b) What are the different factors related to protein and other binding
components that influence protein drug binding? Explain.
5. a) How do you determine Ka by method of residuals?
b) What are the applications and limitations of method of residuals?
c) The above method works best when difference between Ka and KE is large
Explain.
6. a) What do you mean by inter subject variability? What are the causes of inter
subject variability? Explain?
b) How do you adjust the dose based on total body clearance and elimuafion
rate constant and
7. a) How do you determine the bio availability of a drug product Using plasma
data.
b) What do you understand by the term absolute and relative bioavailability.
c) What is bioavailable fraction? How do you express?
8. a) Hosi do you correlate invitro drug dissolution with in bio availability?
b) Describe about dissolution rate test apparatus and its significance
All questions carry equal marks.
1. a)What are the different pharmacokinetic parameters to be considered in
designing a dosage regimen?
b) Define and explain such pharmacokinetic parameters.
2.a) What is dissolution? Explain various theories of dissolution
b) Discuss the parameters that influence rate of dissolution of drug.
3. Explain the structure and mode of penetration of drug through following
barriers.
i) Simple capillary endothelial barrier
ii) Cell membrane barrier
iii) Blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier
iv) Placental barrier.
4.a) What type of changes are observed normally in body constituents in several
Physiological and pathologic conditions? How do they affect drug binding?
Explain.
b) What are the different factors related to protein and other binding
components that influence protein drug binding? Explain.
5. a) How do you determine Ka by method of residuals?
b) What are the applications and limitations of method of residuals?
c) The above method works best when difference between Ka and KE is large
Explain.
6. a) What do you mean by inter subject variability? What are the causes of inter
subject variability? Explain?
b) How do you adjust the dose based on total body clearance and elimuafion
rate constant and
7. a) How do you determine the bio availability of a drug product Using plasma
data.
b) What do you understand by the term absolute and relative bioavailability.
c) What is bioavailable fraction? How do you express?
8. a) Hosi do you correlate invitro drug dissolution with in bio availability?
b) Describe about dissolution rate test apparatus and its significance
JNTU HYDERABAD IV - B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
All questions carry equal marks.
I. a) Define the term immunity? - Write in detail about the types of immunities.
b) How toxins can be converted to Toxoids?
2. What is hybridoma technology? How it is useful for the generation of
humanized monoclonal antibodies.
3. Describe the technology and production of activase.
4. Write about the Isolation, improvement and maintenance of microbial strains.
5. Write a note on:
a) Factors influencing rate of mutations
b) Solid state fermentation.
6. What is Immobilization? Write the methods of Enzyme Immobilization add a
note on kinetics of Immobilized Enzymes.
7. Give the pharmaceutical applications of the following Enzymes.
a) Streptokiflase and streptodomase.
b) Proteases.
C) Hyaluroflidase
d) Penicillina5
8.a) Describe the pharmaceutical applications of human thrombin.
How is it prepared?
b) Explain the pharmaceutical applications of dried human serum. How is it
prepared?
JNTU ? PAPERS III-II SEMISTER
JNTU HYDERABAD III. B. PHARMACY II SEMESTER REGULAR EXAMINATIONS MAY 2010 CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL DRUGS
1.(a) How will you differentiate the following by hydrolysis, explain with
chemical reaction and structure.
i) Atropine
ii) Hyoscyamine
iii) Hyosine
(b) Differentiate tropine and pseudotropine.
2. Classify ergot alkaloids and give structures, hydrolytic products and therapeutic uses of any four ergot alkaloids?
3. Explain the following.
a. Isoprene rule
b.Gem-dialkyl rule
c.Ozonolysis of terpenes
d.Stereochemistry of citral
4. Convert the following
a. Cavone to cavacrol
b. Menthol to thymol
c. Borneol to camphor
d. Camphor to borneol
5. Write on the following
a. Numbering of Bile acids, cholesterol, estrone, diels hydrocarbon
b. Synthesis of progesterone from diosgenin and cholesterol
6. Write detailed note on cardiac glycosides and mention MOA, toxicity and
thearapeutic uses?
7. Classify steroidal hormones and give brief note on the following
a. Contraceptive agents
b. Inter-conversion of estrogens
8. Write an account on
a) Insulin b) Cortisone c) Glucagon d) Thyroxine
chemical reaction and structure.
i) Atropine
ii) Hyoscyamine
iii) Hyosine
(b) Differentiate tropine and pseudotropine.
2. Classify ergot alkaloids and give structures, hydrolytic products and therapeutic uses of any four ergot alkaloids?
3. Explain the following.
a. Isoprene rule
b.Gem-dialkyl rule
c.Ozonolysis of terpenes
d.Stereochemistry of citral
4. Convert the following
a. Cavone to cavacrol
b. Menthol to thymol
c. Borneol to camphor
d. Camphor to borneol
5. Write on the following
a. Numbering of Bile acids, cholesterol, estrone, diels hydrocarbon
b. Synthesis of progesterone from diosgenin and cholesterol
6. Write detailed note on cardiac glycosides and mention MOA, toxicity and
thearapeutic uses?
7. Classify steroidal hormones and give brief note on the following
a. Contraceptive agents
b. Inter-conversion of estrogens
8. Write an account on
a) Insulin b) Cortisone c) Glucagon d) Thyroxine
JNTU HYDERABAD III. B. PHARMACY II SEMESTER REGULAR EXAMINATIONS MAY 2010 PHARMACOLOGY-II
1.a) Classify antihypertensives with suitable examples and discuss the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of vasodilators.
b) Write a short note on plasma volume expanders.
2. Classify drugs used in angina. Discuss the pharmacology of calcium channel blockers.
3. What are arrhythmias? Discuss the pharmacology of Class I antiarrhythmic drugs.
4. a) Discuss in detail about oral anticoagulants.
b) Write in detail about Iron.
5. Classify diuretics. Write the detailed pharmacology of Frusemide.
6. a) Classify antihistaminics with suitable examples. Discuss their therapeutic uses and adverse effects.
b) Write a short note on 5HT receptors, their agonists and antagonists.
7. a) Write in detail about physiological role of Angiotensin and add a note on angiotensin antagonists.
b) Discuss the synthesis, metabolism and physiological role of Bradykinin.
8. a) Classify antiasthmatic agents with suitable examples. Discuss the pharmacology of bronchodilators.
b) Write a short note on antitussives.
b) Write a short note on plasma volume expanders.
2. Classify drugs used in angina. Discuss the pharmacology of calcium channel blockers.
3. What are arrhythmias? Discuss the pharmacology of Class I antiarrhythmic drugs.
4. a) Discuss in detail about oral anticoagulants.
b) Write in detail about Iron.
5. Classify diuretics. Write the detailed pharmacology of Frusemide.
6. a) Classify antihistaminics with suitable examples. Discuss their therapeutic uses and adverse effects.
b) Write a short note on 5HT receptors, their agonists and antagonists.
7. a) Write in detail about physiological role of Angiotensin and add a note on angiotensin antagonists.
b) Discuss the synthesis, metabolism and physiological role of Bradykinin.
8. a) Classify antiasthmatic agents with suitable examples. Discuss the pharmacology of bronchodilators.
b) Write a short note on antitussives.
JNTU HYDERABAD III.B.PHARMACY II SEMESTER REGULAR EXAMINATIONS MAY 2010 PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
2. Give an account on the construction, functions and powers Council of India and State Pharmacy Council.
3. a) Explain the qualifications, duties and Procedures of inspection by Drug Inspector
b) Write the constitution of Drug Consultative Committee
4. a) Define Narcotic and Psychotropic substance. Explain the powers of central government to permit, control and regulate Narcotic and Psychotropic substances as per the act.
b) Write a note on Illicit traffic?
5. Discuss in detail about
a) Manufacture of preparations outside the bond
b) Warehousing of Alcoholic preparations
6. Write a note on
a) Drug Price Control Order
b) Factories Act 1948
7. a) Define License. Explain different types of licenses.
b) Discuss the manufacturing of drugs specified in schedule C, C1 and X
8. a) Discuss about prohibited advertisements and related offences and
penalties
b) Write a note on Indian Patents Act 1970
JNTU III-I JNTU EXAM PAPERS
JNTU ANANTHAPUR,III-I REGULAR 2009,PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
R07
III B. Pharmacy I semester regular Examination.
December 2009
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
1. Describe in detail the applications of microbes in pharma products
2. Write short note on
a)syphilis
b) Sterilization by filtration
c) Synchronous growth
3. Explain the following
a)tryptophan operon
b) Contribution of lieweonhock to microbiology
C) Pharmaceutical significance of bacteria
4. Discuss the following
a)mode of action and application of any 2 chemotherapeutic agents
b) Methods involved in assay of vitamins
c) Conjugation
5. Write an essay on various environmental factors which influence the microbial
growth, add a note on their adaptations
6 (a) Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
(b) Discuss spontaneous generation theory
7. (a) explain different methods of isolation and preservation of bacteria
(b) DNA replication in bacteria
8. Write short notes on:
(a)evaluation of antimicrobial activity
(b) Tetanus
(c) Nutritive media for growth of microbes
JNTU ANANTHAPUR,III-I REGULAR 2009,PHARMACOGNOSY -II
Code no:R7403
III B.pharmacy I semester regular Examination.December 2009
R07
PHARMACOGNOSY -II
1.(a) Discuss the test for identification of antharacene –c-glycosides with an example
(b) Describe the chief anatomical features of digitalis
(c) State biological source, chemical nature of active constituents and uses of
i) PSORELA and
ii)glycyrrhiza
2. (a) write informative notes on Ergot alkaloids
(b) Give an account of cultivation, collection and processing of cinechona
(c) Write an example for the following groups of alkaloids and give their biological source
i) Steroidal and
ii) Glycoalkaloid
3.(a) Differentiate condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins by chemical means example
(b) Describe the methods of preparation, by chemical constituents and uses of black catechu
(c) Give biological source, chemical constituents and medicinal uses of myroblan
4.(a) write a brief note on podophyllum
(b) Discuss the adulterants of balsam of tolu
5.(a) write the biological sources and discuss the uses of following
i)pancreatin
ii) Diastase
(b) Write informative notes on papain.
(C) Mention the different uses of
i) Pepsin and
ii)trypsin
6. (a)describe the biosynthetic pathway of tropane alkaloids
(b) write the metabolic process of shikimic acid formation and mention the metabolic derived
from it
(c) Mention the aglycones of any four glycosides derived as products cholesterol metabolism
7. Define ‘sap pigments’ and give the biological source, colour shade and applications of the
following:
i) caraminic acid ii) lawsone iii)capsarithin iv)curcumin v)Betaniin vi) crocin vii)Bixin
8. (a) what is kaolin? Mention different types of kaolin and give their descriptive features.
(b) Write the chemical constituents and use of
i) Kieslguhr
Ii)Talc
(c) Write the standard and tests for identification of bentonite
III B.pharmacy I semester regular Examination.December 2009
R07
PHARMACOGNOSY -II
1.(a) Discuss the test for identification of antharacene –c-glycosides with an example
(b) Describe the chief anatomical features of digitalis
(c) State biological source, chemical nature of active constituents and uses of
i) PSORELA and
ii)glycyrrhiza
2. (a) write informative notes on Ergot alkaloids
(b) Give an account of cultivation, collection and processing of cinechona
(c) Write an example for the following groups of alkaloids and give their biological source
i) Steroidal and
ii) Glycoalkaloid
3.(a) Differentiate condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins by chemical means example
(b) Describe the methods of preparation, by chemical constituents and uses of black catechu
(c) Give biological source, chemical constituents and medicinal uses of myroblan
4.(a) write a brief note on podophyllum
(b) Discuss the adulterants of balsam of tolu
5.(a) write the biological sources and discuss the uses of following
i)pancreatin
ii) Diastase
(b) Write informative notes on papain.
(C) Mention the different uses of
i) Pepsin and
ii)trypsin
6. (a)describe the biosynthetic pathway of tropane alkaloids
(b) write the metabolic process of shikimic acid formation and mention the metabolic derived
from it
(c) Mention the aglycones of any four glycosides derived as products cholesterol metabolism
7. Define ‘sap pigments’ and give the biological source, colour shade and applications of the
following:
i) caraminic acid ii) lawsone iii)capsarithin iv)curcumin v)Betaniin vi) crocin vii)Bixin
8. (a) what is kaolin? Mention different types of kaolin and give their descriptive features.
(b) Write the chemical constituents and use of
i) Kieslguhr
Ii)Talc
(c) Write the standard and tests for identification of bentonite
JNTU ANANTHAPUR,III-I REGULAR 2009,PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Code No: R7401
III B.pharmacy I semester regular examination, December 2009
R07
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
*******
1.(a) Explain the biochemical composition and organization of
biomembranes.
(b) Describe the mechanism of membrane transport. Add a note on
sodium potassium pump.
2. (a) What is free energy? Explain the locus of thermodynamics.
(b) Write about production of ATP and its biological significance.
3.(a)classify enzymes and mention suitable examples for each class.
(b) Outline the effect of pH, temperature and substrate concentration on
enzyme activity
4. (a) classify carbohydrates with examples. Add a note on significance.
(b) Explain the structure of DNA and its functions.
5. (a) Describe the events of glycolytic pathway. Add a note on its
significance.
(b) What is glyconeogenesis? Explain the importance of glycogenolysis.
6. (a) Explain the properties and general reactions of Amino acids.
(b) Explain the reactions involved in urea cycle
7. (a). What is beta- oxidation?
(b).classify lipids and write a note on the biological functions of lipids
8. (a) what is xenobiotics? Explain detoxification conjugation reactions.
(b). what are prostaglandins? Write the structures and functions and
functions of any two
Prostaglandins
III B.pharmacy I semester regular examination, December 2009
R07
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
*******
1.(a) Explain the biochemical composition and organization of
biomembranes.
(b) Describe the mechanism of membrane transport. Add a note on
sodium potassium pump.
2. (a) What is free energy? Explain the locus of thermodynamics.
(b) Write about production of ATP and its biological significance.
3.(a)classify enzymes and mention suitable examples for each class.
(b) Outline the effect of pH, temperature and substrate concentration on
enzyme activity
4. (a) classify carbohydrates with examples. Add a note on significance.
(b) Explain the structure of DNA and its functions.
5. (a) Describe the events of glycolytic pathway. Add a note on its
significance.
(b) What is glyconeogenesis? Explain the importance of glycogenolysis.
6. (a) Explain the properties and general reactions of Amino acids.
(b) Explain the reactions involved in urea cycle
7. (a). What is beta- oxidation?
(b).classify lipids and write a note on the biological functions of lipids
8. (a) what is xenobiotics? Explain detoxification conjugation reactions.
(b). what are prostaglandins? Write the structures and functions and
functions of any two
Prostaglandins
JNTU ANANTHAPUR,III-I REGULAR 2009,PHARMACOLOGY -I
Code no: R7405
III B.pharmacy I semester regular Examination.December 2009
R07
PHARMACOLOGY-I
1(a) .Define the drug receptors. Classify them and write them in detail about G-
protein coupled receptors
(b).explain dose-effect relationship
2(a) describes the actions of noradrenalin, adrenaline.isoprenaline on blood
vessels.
(b) Explain the dual action of acetylcholine by using suitable experimental
model.
3 (a) classify skeletal muscle relaxants. Explain the pharmacological actions of
succinyl choline
(b) Write a note on adrenergic neuron blockers.
4(a) what are general anesthetics? Write their classification, site and mechanism
of action.
(b) Write in detail about inhalation general anesthetics.
(c) Write note on disulfirm
5.(a) define sedatives and hypnotics and write their classification .
(b) Explain the different phases of sleep and their characteristics.
(c) Write short note on centrally acting muscle relaxants
6. (a) what is schizophrenia ? Classify the drugs used and explain the
pharmacology of chlorpromazine.
(b) Add a note on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
7. (a) explain the path physiology of parkinsonism.
(b) Write short notes on :
i. Bromocriptine
ii. Tolcapone
iii. Selegiline
8. (a) what are narcotics analgesics? Write their classification and mechanism of
action
(b) Classify CNS stimulants and explain the pharmacology of xanthine alkaloids
III B.pharmacy I semester regular Examination.December 2009
R07
PHARMACOLOGY-I
1(a) .Define the drug receptors. Classify them and write them in detail about G-
protein coupled receptors
(b).explain dose-effect relationship
2(a) describes the actions of noradrenalin, adrenaline.isoprenaline on blood
vessels.
(b) Explain the dual action of acetylcholine by using suitable experimental
model.
3 (a) classify skeletal muscle relaxants. Explain the pharmacological actions of
succinyl choline
(b) Write a note on adrenergic neuron blockers.
4(a) what are general anesthetics? Write their classification, site and mechanism
of action.
(b) Write in detail about inhalation general anesthetics.
(c) Write note on disulfirm
5.(a) define sedatives and hypnotics and write their classification .
(b) Explain the different phases of sleep and their characteristics.
(c) Write short note on centrally acting muscle relaxants
6. (a) what is schizophrenia ? Classify the drugs used and explain the
pharmacology of chlorpromazine.
(b) Add a note on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
7. (a) explain the path physiology of parkinsonism.
(b) Write short notes on :
i. Bromocriptine
ii. Tolcapone
iii. Selegiline
8. (a) what are narcotics analgesics? Write their classification and mechanism of
action
(b) Classify CNS stimulants and explain the pharmacology of xanthine alkaloids
JNTU ANANTHAPUR,III-I REGULAR 2009,PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY-I
Code no :R7404
III B.pharmacy I semester regular Examination.December 2009
R07
PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY-I
*****
1(a) what are the objectives of preformulation? Discuss the methods used for the the determination of
solubility and pka
(b) Explain the applications of prod rugs with examples.
2 (a) Describe the formulation and evaluation of a typical oral solution.
(b) Explain the assessment of emulsion shelf life
3,(a)Explain the mechanism of drug penetration. How it is evaluated in vitro?
(b) Explain the formulation of gels
4. (a) classify various types of propellants with examples .explain the nomenclature of aerosol
propellants.
(b) Explain various filling techniques for aerosols.
5. (a)discuss the challenges involved in the preparation of ophthalmic ointments
(b) Explain the structure and functions of skin with a neat label diagram
6. (a) explain the formulation and preparation of moisturizing creams with suitable example.
(b) What are the ideal properties of shampoo? Explain the formulation of a lotion shampoo
7.(a)explain the formulation of tooth paste with suitable example
(b)write the formulation of baby powders and baby oils
8. (a) what is displacement value ? How it is calculated? What is its importance in the preparations of
suppositories?
(b) Explain the manufacturing of suppositories.
III B.pharmacy I semester regular Examination.December 2009
R07
PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY-I
*****
1(a) what are the objectives of preformulation? Discuss the methods used for the the determination of
solubility and pka
(b) Explain the applications of prod rugs with examples.
2 (a) Describe the formulation and evaluation of a typical oral solution.
(b) Explain the assessment of emulsion shelf life
3,(a)Explain the mechanism of drug penetration. How it is evaluated in vitro?
(b) Explain the formulation of gels
4. (a) classify various types of propellants with examples .explain the nomenclature of aerosol
propellants.
(b) Explain various filling techniques for aerosols.
5. (a)discuss the challenges involved in the preparation of ophthalmic ointments
(b) Explain the structure and functions of skin with a neat label diagram
6. (a) explain the formulation and preparation of moisturizing creams with suitable example.
(b) What are the ideal properties of shampoo? Explain the formulation of a lotion shampoo
7.(a)explain the formulation of tooth paste with suitable example
(b)write the formulation of baby powders and baby oils
8. (a) what is displacement value ? How it is calculated? What is its importance in the preparations of
suppositories?
(b) Explain the manufacturing of suppositories.
16 January, 2010
JNTU III B PHARMACY I SEMESTER,NOV 09 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
1. a> Sketch the salient structural features of a cell membrane.
b> Explain about molecular constituents of membrane.
2. a> Explain the mechanism of Oxidative phosphorylation.
b> Mention the inhibitors of Oxidative phosphorylation and ETC.
3. a> Write an account of the importance of serum enzyme in the diagnosis of disease.
b> Write note on holo enzymes and role of metals in enzyme action.
4. a> Name the various members of the B- complex family.
b> what are the major functions of minerals in the body.
c> Explain about Chargaff's rule.
5. a> Describe the Kreb's cycle.Add notes on its energetics.
b> Explain Glyoxalate cycle.
6. a> write note metabolic disorders of urea cycle.
b> How ammonia is removed from the body.
7. a> What do you mean by the term beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
Give the reactions involved in B-oxidation.
b> Write note on Ketonuria and Ketoacidosis.
8. Discuss about Mechanism of action and biomedical applications of postaglandins.
b> Explain about molecular constituents of membrane.
2. a> Explain the mechanism of Oxidative phosphorylation.
b> Mention the inhibitors of Oxidative phosphorylation and ETC.
3. a> Write an account of the importance of serum enzyme in the diagnosis of disease.
b> Write note on holo enzymes and role of metals in enzyme action.
4. a> Name the various members of the B- complex family.
b> what are the major functions of minerals in the body.
c> Explain about Chargaff's rule.
5. a> Describe the Kreb's cycle.Add notes on its energetics.
b> Explain Glyoxalate cycle.
6. a> write note metabolic disorders of urea cycle.
b> How ammonia is removed from the body.
7. a> What do you mean by the term beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
Give the reactions involved in B-oxidation.
b> Write note on Ketonuria and Ketoacidosis.
8. Discuss about Mechanism of action and biomedical applications of postaglandins.
JNTU III B PHARMACY I SEMESTER,NOV 09 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
1. Write notes on:
a> Whittaker's five kingdom concept.
b> Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology
2. Discuss
a> Plasmolysis and plasmoptosis
b> Protoplast and Spheroplast
3. Write a note on quantitative measurement of bacterial growth based on
a> Cell number
b> Cell mass
4. What is the effect of following on microbial growth
a> Vibration
b> Mechanical impact
c> Osmotic pressure
d> Extreme cold
5. Define the terms : Sterilization
Disinfection
Antiseptic
Sanitize.
write the factors influencing Antimicrobial activity.
6. Write notes on :
a> physical mutagens.
b> Isolation of Mutants
c> Inhibitors of Protein synthesis
d>Enzymes in DNA replication
7. Give immunization methods and control of following disease.
a> Diphteria
b> Tetanus
c> Hepatitis
d> Food poisoning
8. a> What is the principle of dise plate technique and how is it performed.
b> What are the advantages and limitations of disc plate technique over tube
dilution method?
a> Whittaker's five kingdom concept.
b> Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology
2. Discuss
a> Plasmolysis and plasmoptosis
b> Protoplast and Spheroplast
3. Write a note on quantitative measurement of bacterial growth based on
a> Cell number
b> Cell mass
4. What is the effect of following on microbial growth
a> Vibration
b> Mechanical impact
c> Osmotic pressure
d> Extreme cold
5. Define the terms : Sterilization
Disinfection
Antiseptic
Sanitize.
write the factors influencing Antimicrobial activity.
6. Write notes on :
a> physical mutagens.
b> Isolation of Mutants
c> Inhibitors of Protein synthesis
d>Enzymes in DNA replication
7. Give immunization methods and control of following disease.
a> Diphteria
b> Tetanus
c> Hepatitis
d> Food poisoning
8. a> What is the principle of dise plate technique and how is it performed.
b> What are the advantages and limitations of disc plate technique over tube
dilution method?
JNTU III B PHARMACY I SEMESTER,NOV 09 PHARMACOGNOSY-II
1. a> What are aloes? write about different varieties of aloes with their description
and identification tests.
b> Give powdered characteristics of digitalis with neat labeled diagram.
2. Write detailed pharmacognostic study of any two indole alkaloids.
3. a> What are tannins? Give their properties and classification with suitable
examples of natural drugs.
b> Give biological source, active constituents and uses of
i> Myrobalan
ii> Black catechu
4. Discuss the detailed pharmacognostic study of any two resins showing expectorant
activity
5. a> Write about source, properties and uses of amylase and panceratin.
b> Write notes on any two proteolytic enzymes.
6. a> What are secondary metabolites? explain with an example.
b> Give three examples of alkaloids derived from lysin with their
chemicalstructure
c> Write about the production of amino acids from shikimic acid pathway.
7. a> Name natural colorants of pharmaceutical intrests and explain about any two of
them.
b> Write notes on turmeric, tyriian purple and Red beet root.
8. Define the term excipient.Describe the pharmaceutical excipients from mineral
origin.
What is difference between light kaolin and heavy kaolin.
and identification tests.
b> Give powdered characteristics of digitalis with neat labeled diagram.
2. Write detailed pharmacognostic study of any two indole alkaloids.
3. a> What are tannins? Give their properties and classification with suitable
examples of natural drugs.
b> Give biological source, active constituents and uses of
i> Myrobalan
ii> Black catechu
4. Discuss the detailed pharmacognostic study of any two resins showing expectorant
activity
5. a> Write about source, properties and uses of amylase and panceratin.
b> Write notes on any two proteolytic enzymes.
6. a> What are secondary metabolites? explain with an example.
b> Give three examples of alkaloids derived from lysin with their
chemicalstructure
c> Write about the production of amino acids from shikimic acid pathway.
7. a> Name natural colorants of pharmaceutical intrests and explain about any two of
them.
b> Write notes on turmeric, tyriian purple and Red beet root.
8. Define the term excipient.Describe the pharmaceutical excipients from mineral
origin.
What is difference between light kaolin and heavy kaolin.
JNTU III B PHARMACY I SEMESTER,NOV 09 PHARMACOLOGY-I
1.Describe in detail about the following:
a> G-Protein coupled receptors
b> Receptors with intrinsic ion channel
2.a> Describe the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning
b> Write the pharmacology of neostigmine
3. Write the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of
a> Local anesthetics
b>Neuromuscular blockers
4. Write a short note on:
a> Disulfiram
b> Thiopental sodium
c> List of drugs used in preanesthetic medication
5. Write a short note on:
a> Baclofen
b> Chloradiazepoxide
c> Buspirone
d> Methohexitone
6. Classify antianxiety drugs.Describe the mechanism of action of drugs used in anxiety
7. Write a short note on :
a> Carbidopa
b> Bromocriptine
c> Selegeline
d> Amantidine
8. Write a short note on :
a> CNS stimulants
b> Symptoms and treatment of Morphine poisoining.
JNTU HYDERABAD,II-II REGULAR EXAMINATION,MAY 2010 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I
CODE NO:R7302
JNTU HYDERABAD,II-II REGULAR EXAMINATION,MAY 2010
1.what are the various recommendations of a "Pharmaceutical analyst" on "rejecting an observation" for analytical results.
2.Explain the following
a) Precipitation reactions governing "Argentometric methods"
b)Various cardinal parameters required for a feasible argentometric analysis.
3.How does 'Residual titration method'help in the Complexometric titrations ? Elaborate the assay of following drugs
a)Potassium alum.
b)Bismuth sub carbonate
c)Aluminium glycinate
d) Dried Aluminium hydroxide.
4.Give the principle,construction and working of a polarography apparatus?
5.a)Give the various applications of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
b)Write about different types of source and manochromators in Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
6.a) Explain instrumentation in Nephelometry and Turbidometry.
b)What are Turbidometric titrations?Explain.
7.Describe the principle ,construction and working of polarimeter.
8.Give an account of
a)Comparision of GC and HPLC.
b)Derivatisation techniques in GC and HPLC.
JNTU HYDERABAD,II-II REGULAR EXAMINATION,MAY 2010
1.what are the various recommendations of a "Pharmaceutical analyst" on "rejecting an observation" for analytical results.
2.Explain the following
a) Precipitation reactions governing "Argentometric methods"
b)Various cardinal parameters required for a feasible argentometric analysis.
3.How does 'Residual titration method'help in the Complexometric titrations ? Elaborate the assay of following drugs
a)Potassium alum.
b)Bismuth sub carbonate
c)Aluminium glycinate
d) Dried Aluminium hydroxide.
4.Give the principle,construction and working of a polarography apparatus?
5.a)Give the various applications of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
b)Write about different types of source and manochromators in Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
6.a) Explain instrumentation in Nephelometry and Turbidometry.
b)What are Turbidometric titrations?Explain.
7.Describe the principle ,construction and working of polarimeter.
8.Give an account of
a)Comparision of GC and HPLC.
b)Derivatisation techniques in GC and HPLC.
JNTU HYDERABAD,II-II REGULAR EXAMINATION,MAY 2010 PHARMACOGNOSY-I
CODE NO:R7303
JNTU HYDERABAD,II-II REGULAR EXAMINATION,MAY 2010
1.Define pharmacognosy.Write in brief history and relationship with various allied sciences.
2.Enumerate the drug discovery based on a plant sources by giving suitable examples.
3.Deefine the following terms in therapeutic classification with examples:
a)Alkaloids
b)Glycosides.
c)Tannins
d)Resins.
4.Write a note on the following:
a)Asexual method of cultivation
b)Soil Fertility.
5.Explain the role of Cytolinins and Gibberelins in the production of secondary metabolites.
6.Describe the detailrd pharmacognostic study of Honey.
7.Define Lip ids. Classify them with suitable examples.Write the Biological source,chemical constituents and uses of
a) Bees wax
b) Lard.
8.Write the Biological source,chemical constituents and uses of
a)Tulsi.
b)Mentha
c)Coriander
d)Lemon grass oil.
JNTU HYDERABAD,II-II REGULAR EXAMINATION,MAY 2010
1.Define pharmacognosy.Write in brief history and relationship with various allied sciences.
2.Enumerate the drug discovery based on a plant sources by giving suitable examples.
3.Deefine the following terms in therapeutic classification with examples:
a)Alkaloids
b)Glycosides.
c)Tannins
d)Resins.
4.Write a note on the following:
a)Asexual method of cultivation
b)Soil Fertility.
5.Explain the role of Cytolinins and Gibberelins in the production of secondary metabolites.
6.Describe the detailrd pharmacognostic study of Honey.
7.Define Lip ids. Classify them with suitable examples.Write the Biological source,chemical constituents and uses of
a) Bees wax
b) Lard.
8.Write the Biological source,chemical constituents and uses of
a)Tulsi.
b)Mentha
c)Coriander
d)Lemon grass oil.
CODE NO:R7301
1.a )Explain Fourier's law of conduction of heat through a metal wall.
b) Write about compound resistance in series.
2. Explain:
a)Theory of Evaporation
b)Material balances in evaporation.
c)Energy balance in evaporation.
3.a)Classify distillation methods.
b)Write about simple distillation method and construction and working of simple distillation,apparatus.
4.a)A rotary dryer was used to dry 35,000 kg/hr of a wet drug containing 5% w/w of water to a water content of 0.2% w/w. Calculate the weight of water removed during the drying operation per hour.
b)A batch dryer removes water from a solid materialat the rate of 30 lb/hr during constant Rate period.Under the operating conditions the critical moisture content is 0.5lb of water/lb of dry solid and the equilibrium moisture content is 0.04lb of water/lb of dry solid.The curve of drying air vs moisture content may be assumed as a straight line during the entire falling rate period if 300lb of dry solid containing 200lb of water enters the dryer.How long will be the total drying time period if the final product contains 0.08lb of water/lb of dry solid?
5.a)Describe the milling equipment with the help of neat labeled diagram that uses the principle of shear & impact.
b)Explain the theories related to the size reduction of powder.
6.a) How can we estimate the degree of mixing.Explain.
b) Give the stastistical evaluation procedure for mixin g of powders.
7.a)What are different motions of particles during size separation.Explain them in detail.
b)Explain brushing method.
8.Write notes on the following:
a)Thermocouple
b)Resistance thermometers
c)Filled-in-thermometers
d)Bimetal thermometers.
1.a )Explain Fourier's law of conduction of heat through a metal wall.
b) Write about compound resistance in series.
2. Explain:
a)Theory of Evaporation
b)Material balances in evaporation.
c)Energy balance in evaporation.
3.a)Classify distillation methods.
b)Write about simple distillation method and construction and working of simple distillation,apparatus.
4.a)A rotary dryer was used to dry 35,000 kg/hr of a wet drug containing 5% w/w of water to a water content of 0.2% w/w. Calculate the weight of water removed during the drying operation per hour.
b)A batch dryer removes water from a solid materialat the rate of 30 lb/hr during constant Rate period.Under the operating conditions the critical moisture content is 0.5lb of water/lb of dry solid and the equilibrium moisture content is 0.04lb of water/lb of dry solid.The curve of drying air vs moisture content may be assumed as a straight line during the entire falling rate period if 300lb of dry solid containing 200lb of water enters the dryer.How long will be the total drying time period if the final product contains 0.08lb of water/lb of dry solid?
5.a)Describe the milling equipment with the help of neat labeled diagram that uses the principle of shear & impact.
b)Explain the theories related to the size reduction of powder.
6.a) How can we estimate the degree of mixing.Explain.
b) Give the stastistical evaluation procedure for mixin g of powders.
7.a)What are different motions of particles during size separation.Explain them in detail.
b)Explain brushing method.
8.Write notes on the following:
a)Thermocouple
b)Resistance thermometers
c)Filled-in-thermometers
d)Bimetal thermometers.
JNTU HYDERABAD,II -II REGULAR EXAMINATION, MAY 2010 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
CODE NO:R7305
1.What is environment ? Give a detailed account of the structure of earth.Describe the potential grey areas where research can be carried on ?
2.What do mean by biomass energy ? What are its uses ? Discuss limitations in producing this enregy.
3.Write short note on the following
a.Ex-situ conservation
b.In-situ conservation
c.Biodiversity loss
4.'All aspects of production in ecosystems are a subject matter of productivity in ecosystems'.Discuss.
5.Discuss some of the programmes which have been launched for scientific management and careful use of fragile ecosystems.
6.Explain nuclear hazards and its effects.
7.Define consumerism.what measures would you suggest in order to eliminate waste product and save natural resources.
8.Highlight something on the wild life protection Act.Give reasons for the enactment of such act.
1.What is environment ? Give a detailed account of the structure of earth.Describe the potential grey areas where research can be carried on ?
2.What do mean by biomass energy ? What are its uses ? Discuss limitations in producing this enregy.
3.Write short note on the following
a.Ex-situ conservation
b.In-situ conservation
c.Biodiversity loss
4.'All aspects of production in ecosystems are a subject matter of productivity in ecosystems'.Discuss.
5.Discuss some of the programmes which have been launched for scientific management and careful use of fragile ecosystems.
6.Explain nuclear hazards and its effects.
7.Define consumerism.what measures would you suggest in order to eliminate waste product and save natural resources.
8.Highlight something on the wild life protection Act.Give reasons for the enactment of such act.
II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009 PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS – II
1.Explain the use of heat in various fields of engineering and sources of heat.
2. (a) What are the various types of Evaporators. Explain in detail.
(b) Describe the principle involved in Single Effect Evaporator.
3. Explain principles, construction, working, and advantages of fractional
distillation.
4.Suggest the suitable equipment which is used in the drying of thermolabile,
hygroscopic material with the help of neatly labeled diagram.
5. (a) Draw a neat labeled diagram of fluid energy mill.
(b) Write advantages and disadvantages of same.
6. (a) Define size separation and write various synonyms of same.
(b) Why size reduction alone does not give particles of same size.
7. Write the various problems that result during liquid-liquid mixing. Suggest the
suitable remedies.
8.Explain the construction and working of float actuated device to measure the
flow level.
2. (a) What are the various types of Evaporators. Explain in detail.
(b) Describe the principle involved in Single Effect Evaporator.
3. Explain principles, construction, working, and advantages of fractional
distillation.
4.Suggest the suitable equipment which is used in the drying of thermolabile,
hygroscopic material with the help of neatly labeled diagram.
5. (a) Draw a neat labeled diagram of fluid energy mill.
(b) Write advantages and disadvantages of same.
6. (a) Define size separation and write various synonyms of same.
(b) Why size reduction alone does not give particles of same size.
7. Write the various problems that result during liquid-liquid mixing. Suggest the
suitable remedies.
8.Explain the construction and working of float actuated device to measure the
flow level.
II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS –I
1.(a) What are different types of errors. Give detail methods to reduce systematic
errors.
(b) What is meant by calibration, why the analytical equipments, calibrated and
how graduated flasks are calibrated.
2.(a) Write theory involved in Redox titrations
(b) Explain alkali metric titration’s with examples.
3.(a) Discuss the theory involved in complex metric titrations. Give examples.
(b) What are the advantages of non-aqueous titrations and give a note on
solvents used and pharm applications.
4.(a) Write the principle involved in Conductometric titrations of strong acid and
base.
(b) What are potentiometric titrations. Explain determination of end point and
Pharmaceutical applications of potentiometric titrations.
5. (a) Write principle and working of fluorimeter and give its applications.
(b) write essential parts and working of flame photometer and its applications.
6. Give principle and uses of Nephlometer and How it is differ from turbidimetry
and explain method of determination of chloride and sulphate ions.
7. (a) Define refractive index, and give principle of Abbe refractometer.
(b) Give the working principle and Construction of polarimeter.
8. (a) Define beer lambert’s law and derive an equation for the same
(b) Discuss about detectors used in U. V- Visible spectrophotometer.
errors.
(b) What is meant by calibration, why the analytical equipments, calibrated and
how graduated flasks are calibrated.
2.(a) Write theory involved in Redox titrations
(b) Explain alkali metric titration’s with examples.
3.(a) Discuss the theory involved in complex metric titrations. Give examples.
(b) What are the advantages of non-aqueous titrations and give a note on
solvents used and pharm applications.
4.(a) Write the principle involved in Conductometric titrations of strong acid and
base.
(b) What are potentiometric titrations. Explain determination of end point and
Pharmaceutical applications of potentiometric titrations.
5. (a) Write principle and working of fluorimeter and give its applications.
(b) write essential parts and working of flame photometer and its applications.
6. Give principle and uses of Nephlometer and How it is differ from turbidimetry
and explain method of determination of chloride and sulphate ions.
7. (a) Define refractive index, and give principle of Abbe refractometer.
(b) Give the working principle and Construction of polarimeter.
8. (a) Define beer lambert’s law and derive an equation for the same
(b) Discuss about detectors used in U. V- Visible spectrophotometer.
II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1.Explain in detail the concept of Ecomark.
2(a) Discuss the environmental impacts of ground water usage. (b) “ Water is a precious natural resource.” Discuss.
3. Write short notes on : (a) Value system and equitable resource use for sustainable life style. (b) Role of the individual in prevention of pollution.
4.What do you mean by Bio- Geo chemical cycles? Discuss in detail any on type of cycle.
5. What are responsibilities of man in eco planning and conservation.
6.Why is coal based electricity is used in the world?
7.Explain how the nuclear fuel is processed and the inherent dangers of nuclear energy?
8.What is the Importance of forest resources in ecological balance.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1.Explain in detail the concept of Ecomark.
2(a) Discuss the environmental impacts of ground water usage. (b) “ Water is a precious natural resource.” Discuss.
3. Write short notes on : (a) Value system and equitable resource use for sustainable life style. (b) Role of the individual in prevention of pollution.
4.What do you mean by Bio- Geo chemical cycles? Discuss in detail any on type of cycle.
5. What are responsibilities of man in eco planning and conservation.
6.Why is coal based electricity is used in the world?
7.Explain how the nuclear fuel is processed and the inherent dangers of nuclear energy?
8.What is the Importance of forest resources in ecological balance.
II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009 PHARMACOGNOSY-I
2. Write in detail about drugs derived from mineral sources?
3. Give the advantages and disadvantages of alphabetical classification of drugs?
4. Why scientific methods of cultivation give better yield & quality. Explains?
5. Write in detail about the preservation and storage of crude drugs.
6. Explain the identification tests and therapeutic uses of
(a) Honey
(b) Guar gum
(c) Pectin
(d) Starch
7. (a) Explain the biological source, identification tests and chemical constituents
of cod liver oil?
(b) Write the method of preparation of cod liver oil?
8. (a) Define volatile oils? Write the classification of volatile oils?
(b) Explain the general identification tests of volatile oils?
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