JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD I.Year B. Pharmacy Regular Examinations May/June 2010 DISPENSING AND HOSPITAL PHARMACY
b)Define an isotonic solution . Write about the importance of isotonicity in pharmacy
2. What is incompatibility? Write a note on physical incompatibility with examples.
3. Write a note on the following:
a) Idiosyncratic cases
b) Role of pharmacy and therapeutic committee in drug safety and adverse drug reactions
4. a) Write about distribution of drugs to out-patients
b) Distinguish between lotions and liniments
5. Define posology. Write about the various factors which influence dose of the drug
6. a) Define prescription. Write about different parts of prescription.
b) Define an emulsion. Write about various methods of preparation of emulsions.
7. Write a short note on the following:
a) Patient counseling.
b) Soft liquid extracts.
c) Responsibilities of hospital pharmacist.
8. a) Write about the functions of drug information centre.
b) Define an ointment. Discuss about trituration method used for preparation of ointments.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD I.Year B. Pharmacy Regular Examinations May/June 2010 PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
b) Explain the importance of Loss on ignition with suitable examples.
2. a) Give a note on haemodialysis fluids.
b) Write the preparation, assay principle and uses of
i) Dibasic calcium phosphate.
ii) Calcium gluconate.
3 a) Explain the preparation , assay principal and uses of Calcium carbonate and Sodium acid
Phosphate.
b) Define and enlist adsorbants?
4. a) Define and enlist Haematinics.
b) Give the method of preparation, assay principal and therapeutic uses of Ferric ammonium
citrate.
c) Explain how iodine extracted from kelp?
5. a) Define and classify inorganic expectorants.
b) Explain the principle and procedure involved in the assay of ammonium chloride and Copper
sulphate.
6. a) Explain the preparation and uses of the following
i) Yellow mercuric oxide.
ii) Zinc oxide.
iii) Boric acid.
iv) Bismuth subcarbonate.
b) Write about the anti-infective role of iodine preparations.
7. a) Explain the pharmaceutical importance of dental products.
b) Give a note on Mouth washes.
c) Write the preparation, properties and pharmaceutical uses of
i) Sodium fluoride.
ii) Sodium meta phosphate.
8. a) Write a assay of plaster of paris and barium sulphate
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD I.Year B. Pharmacy Regular Examinations May/June 2010 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I
b) Explain the following terms
i) Bond length
ii) Bond angle.
iii) Dipole movement.
iv) Hydrogen bonding.
2. a) Define isomerism and list different types of isomerism with examples.
b) Explain the stabilities of cycloalkanes using bayers strain theory .
i) 2, 2, 4- trimethyl pentane
ii) Ethyl ethanoate
3. a) Explain Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions of benzene.
b) Explain the electrophilic substitution reactions of naphthalene.
4. Define nucleophilic substitution reaction and explain reaction mechanism of SN1 and SN2
reaction.
5 a) Describe Zeisel method and give its significance.
b) Define rearrangement reaction and explain Fries rearrangement reaction.
6. a) Give an comprehensive account on oxidative reactions of carbonyl compounds.
b) Explain the following reaction with its mechanism
i) Clemmensen reduction
ii) Wolff- kishner reduction.
7. a) Explain Hell- Volhard- Zelinsky reaction.
b) Explain about Hofmann’s degradation of amides.
8. a) Explain about Hinsberg method of amine separation.
b) Explain the following reactions
i) Sandmeyer reaction
ii) Gattermann reaction
iii) Gabriel’s phthalamide synthesis.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD I.Year B. Pharmacy Regular Examinations May/June 2010 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION
2. Classify the joints? Describe the types of movements at joints?
3. Explain the blood groups and their significance?
4. Describe the lymphatic system of man?
5. What is Cardiac cycle? Explain the mechanism?
6. Define disease? Explain disease causing agents and prevention of disease?
7. What is shock? Describe the methods to prevent it?
8. Explain the causative agents, modes of transmission and prevention of the following diseases?
a) Influenza
b) Tuberculosis
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD I.Year B. Pharmacy Regular Examinations May/June 2010 ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION SKILLS
2. How does Richard Selzer in his essay Save Your Liver elucidate the importance of saving the liver from diseases?
3. “Water plays the leading role in the drama of our life on the surface of our planet”- Explain
4. (a) How did Kalpana struggle to get selection as a member of NASA?
(b) Describe her first voyage aboard the Columbia Shuttle.
5. “When one loves one’s Art no service seems too hard”- Bring out the implications with reference to the story A Service of Love.
6. (a) What is the significance of the World Press Freedom Day observed on 3rd May?
(b) Why was this day chosen as the World Press Freedom day?
7. A textile company is thinking of extending its operations in Chennai. You have been asked to prepare a report on the suitability of Chennai for this. Prepare a report on the economic and social suitability of the city.
8. (a) Fill in the blanks with appropriate verb forms.
i)If he had invited me, I (attend) the function.
ii) She met with an accident while she (cross) the road.
iii) Don’t disturb me. I (do) my homework.
iv) She (suffer) from fever for a week.
(b) Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word from the brackets
i)Go up the (stairs/stares) and her office is on the right.
ii) The (fir/fur) trees on the upper slope of the mountain were covered in snow.
iii) Coffee (beans/beens) are the seeds of the coffee tree.
iv) They pulled out of the deal at the last minute leaving us (hi/high) and dry.
(c) Supply one word substitute for each of the following.
i)The study of birds.
ii) A number of stars grouped together.
iii) That which cannot be read.
iv) The house of an Eskimo
(d) Correct the following sentences.
i)Not only the soldiers but also their captain have been captured.
ii) The house is belonging to her.
iii) She looks forward to help me.
iv) I shall call on you when the doctor will be ready.
JNTU ,HYDERABAD, I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
(b) Classify joints and discuss the different types of movements at joints.
2. Explain :
(a) Blood Volume.
(b) PCV.
3.(a) Draw a neat structure of heart and label it.
(b) Write a note on ECG of the heart.
4. What are the enzymes responsible for the digestion of dietary proteins and write its absorption.
5. (a) Write the functions of respiratory passage ways.
(b) Discuss the anatomy and physiology of trachea.
6. Write an essay about the association area of the brain with neat labeled sketch.
7. What is the functional unit of the kidney with the help of the diagram and explain its working ?
8.(a) What is glucagons ? Write its role and significance in the metabolism.
(b) Discuss about thymus gland.
JNTU ,HYDERABAD,I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. Explain about various sources of impurities, quality control in pharmaceutical substances.
2. Write the method of preparation, assay and uses of Sodium Acetate ,Dibasic calcium phosphate.
3. Write the method of preparation, assay ,tests of purity and uses of Dried Aluminium Hydroxide gel and Aluminium Hydroxide gel.
4. (a) What are the sources of impurities in Pharmaceuticals?
(b). Describe in detail the limit tests for iron and write the chemical rections.
5. Write an essay on expectorants and its role in pharmaceutical applications.
6. How do you prepare Boric acid from Borax? What is the principle involved in the assay of Boric
acid its applications .
7. Give any two examples of Oral antiseptics and Astringents with detailed assay principle and its uses.
8. Explain about the Orthopedic cast and limitations for plaster cast.
2. Write the method of preparation, assay and uses of Sodium Acetate ,Dibasic calcium phosphate.
3. Write the method of preparation, assay ,tests of purity and uses of Dried Aluminium Hydroxide gel and Aluminium Hydroxide gel.
4. (a) What are the sources of impurities in Pharmaceuticals?
(b). Describe in detail the limit tests for iron and write the chemical rections.
5. Write an essay on expectorants and its role in pharmaceutical applications.
6. How do you prepare Boric acid from Borax? What is the principle involved in the assay of Boric
acid its applications .
7. Give any two examples of Oral antiseptics and Astringents with detailed assay principle and its uses.
8. Explain about the Orthopedic cast and limitations for plaster cast.
JNTU ,HYDERABAD,I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 REMEDIAL BIOLOGY
1.(a) Explain in detail about cell organelles.
(b) Explain the structure and functions of plasma membrane and cell wall.
2. Describe the method of somatic cell division mention the significance of such cell division ?
3. Explain in detail about underground stem modification with suitable examples?
4.(a) Describe the internal structures of monocot root?
(b) Write the differences between monocot root and dicot root.
5. Describe the process of locomotion in Amoeba and add a note on the nutrition in Amoeba?
6. Compare the structure of a flat worm and a round worm. Draw diagrams of the same. And discuss in detail the life cycle of a round worm studied by you.
7. With the help of a neat labeled diagram describe the life cycle of silk worm. Add a note on the economic importance of the insect .
8. With the help of a neat labeled diagram describe the life history of mosquito .Add a note on the habit and habitat of mosquitoes.
(b) Explain the structure and functions of plasma membrane and cell wall.
2. Describe the method of somatic cell division mention the significance of such cell division ?
3. Explain in detail about underground stem modification with suitable examples?
4.(a) Describe the internal structures of monocot root?
(b) Write the differences between monocot root and dicot root.
5. Describe the process of locomotion in Amoeba and add a note on the nutrition in Amoeba?
6. Compare the structure of a flat worm and a round worm. Draw diagrams of the same. And discuss in detail the life cycle of a round worm studied by you.
7. With the help of a neat labeled diagram describe the life cycle of silk worm. Add a note on the economic importance of the insect .
8. With the help of a neat labeled diagram describe the life history of mosquito .Add a note on the habit and habitat of mosquitoes.
JNTU ,HYDERABAD,I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1.(a) Write short notes on inductive effects of organic molecules and its applications.
(b) Write short notes on Molecular structure elucidation with examples.
2. Give a detailed account of mechanism and stereochemistry of E1 and E2 reactions with particular reference to aliphatic and alicyclic compounds.
3.(a) Write a short notes on the general method of derivatizing benzene.
(b) Outline the various types of Arene reactions with examples.
4. What is SN2 reaction? Discuss the mechanism of SN2 reaction with the help of one suitable example ? Give proof for the mechanism.
5. (a)Define and classify alcohols with suitable examples.
(b) What is nucleophile? Explain the mechanism of nucleophile substitution with suitable examples.
6. Explain in detail the following reactions with atleast four examples for each
a) Addition reactions. b) Condensation reactions of the carbonyl group.
7. (a) Discuss the fate and stability of carbonium ions with examples.
(b) Explain the mechanism of Hoffmann’s degradation reaction.
8. How will you prepare the following:
a)Methyl amine from ethylamine.
b) Ethyl isocyanide from ethylamine.
c) Secondary amine from Primary amine.
(b) Write short notes on Molecular structure elucidation with examples.
2. Give a detailed account of mechanism and stereochemistry of E1 and E2 reactions with particular reference to aliphatic and alicyclic compounds.
3.(a) Write a short notes on the general method of derivatizing benzene.
(b) Outline the various types of Arene reactions with examples.
4. What is SN2 reaction? Discuss the mechanism of SN2 reaction with the help of one suitable example ? Give proof for the mechanism.
5. (a)Define and classify alcohols with suitable examples.
(b) What is nucleophile? Explain the mechanism of nucleophile substitution with suitable examples.
6. Explain in detail the following reactions with atleast four examples for each
a) Addition reactions. b) Condensation reactions of the carbonyl group.
7. (a) Discuss the fate and stability of carbonium ions with examples.
(b) Explain the mechanism of Hoffmann’s degradation reaction.
8. How will you prepare the following:
a)Methyl amine from ethylamine.
b) Ethyl isocyanide from ethylamine.
c) Secondary amine from Primary amine.
JNTU ,HYDERABAD,I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 PHYSICAL PHARMACY.
1. (a) Discuss the applications of the phase rule.
(b) Explain in detail about Triple Point.[8+8]
2. (a) What is Joule-Thomson effect ? Write its experiment.
(b) Write comparison between Isothermal and Adiabatic expansions.[8+8]
3. (a) Elaborate on Refractive Index and Molar Refraction.
(b) Define Polarity and explain working of Polarimeter.[8+8]
4. (a) Explain in detail Depression of Freezing Point.
(b) Write in detail its significance and one method to determine the depression of freezing point.[8+8]
5. Explain modern theories of strong electrolytes.[16]
6.(a) Elaborate on acidity constants.
(b) Write its significant in detail.[6+10]
7. (a) Define Buffer. Explain in detail Buffer Capacity.
(b) Write applications of Buffer.[8+8]
8.(a) How do measure the emf of cells?
(b) What is Nernst equation ? Derive and explain.
I B.Pharmacy Regular Examinations,June 2008.PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1 (a) Write account on sources of impurities for any three compounds.
(b) Discuss about the qualitative tests for anions and cations.
2 (a) Write preparation,assay and uses of any two calcium compounds.
(b) write a note on Radiopharmaceuticals.
3.Write detail account on the test for Neutralising capacity of wet and dried Aluminium Hydroxide Gel and its applications.
4. Write brief notes on the prepartion,assay principle ,limit tests and appliction of iodine and Iodides.
5. Write in detail the preparation and applicatios of copper sulphate and its medicinal uses.
6. How do you prepare Boric acid from Borax? Write the principle involved in the assay of Boric acid and applications.
7. Discuss about the preparation,assay principle ,limit tests and uses of any two Dental products.
8. Write an essay about the Sodium aurothiomalate and its applications.
(b) Discuss about the qualitative tests for anions and cations.
2 (a) Write preparation,assay and uses of any two calcium compounds.
(b) write a note on Radiopharmaceuticals.
3.Write detail account on the test for Neutralising capacity of wet and dried Aluminium Hydroxide Gel and its applications.
4. Write brief notes on the prepartion,assay principle ,limit tests and appliction of iodine and Iodides.
5. Write in detail the preparation and applicatios of copper sulphate and its medicinal uses.
6. How do you prepare Boric acid from Borax? Write the principle involved in the assay of Boric acid and applications.
7. Discuss about the preparation,assay principle ,limit tests and uses of any two Dental products.
8. Write an essay about the Sodium aurothiomalate and its applications.
I B.Pharmacy Regular Examination,June 2008.REMEDIAL BIOLOGY
1. (a) Describe the structure,chemical composition,types and functions of DNA.
(b) Write the difference between DNA and RNA
2. Describe the structure and functions of special tissues?
3. Describe the different techniques used for section cutting of a crude drug.
4. Describe the various types of aerial root modification ?
5.With the help of neat labelled diagrams describe the structure and life-history of
Entamoeba histolytica.
6.Give an account of the life history of schistosoma. Draw neat labeled diagram of the same.write a notes on pathogenicity.
7.Write a short notes on :
(a)Body wall
(b)Endo skeleton of cockroach
(c)Fat bodies
(d)Locomotion
8. Explain the mouth parts of Adult culex mosquito.Draw diagram of the same.
write a note on the feeding habit and the diseases caused by mosquito.
(b) Write the difference between DNA and RNA
2. Describe the structure and functions of special tissues?
3. Describe the different techniques used for section cutting of a crude drug.
4. Describe the various types of aerial root modification ?
5.With the help of neat labelled diagrams describe the structure and life-history of
Entamoeba histolytica.
6.Give an account of the life history of schistosoma. Draw neat labeled diagram of the same.write a notes on pathogenicity.
7.Write a short notes on :
(a)Body wall
(b)Endo skeleton of cockroach
(c)Fat bodies
(d)Locomotion
8. Explain the mouth parts of Adult culex mosquito.Draw diagram of the same.
write a note on the feeding habit and the diseases caused by mosquito.
I B.Pharmacy Regular Examination,June 2008.ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION SKILLS
1 (a) What was the disaster that struck the photograph ? What was Dutta's reaction to
the disaster ?
2 Explain the following positions of articulation.
a. Bilabial
b. Labio-dental
c. Dental
d. Alveolar
3. Imagine that you are a safety Engineer of a car manufacturing factory.There has been a fire accident in the factory and one of the workers has been badly hurt and is in the hospital.Your General Manager has asked you to send him a detailed report on the accident together with your recommendations for averting a similar accident in the future.Prepare a report accordingly.
4. Prepare the following passages for reading by marking tone group boundaries,and the accent and intonation.
He was a difficult child indeed.What had his parents not done to correct him!But the result was anything satisfactory .He was disobedient and rude,and sometimes even violent.At home he was a terror to his younger brother and sister,who often complianed of his cruelty.At school he was a bully of the worst kind.His classmates and his juniors were mortally afraid of him,and his teachers,one and all,complained of his rudeness and even arrogance.The Headmaster,finding himself under great pressure from both his students and colleagues,bundled him out one day,leaving his parents alone to bear the brunt of his madness.
5.From the story "A Service of Love"-Art or Love -which is more important?
6.(a) Write a short note on Fourth Estate.
(b) what do you know about press freedom day?What did the author remember while writing about it?
7. As the sports secretary of your college,write a report on the Annual Sports Day event that took place in your college.
8. Make Antonyms of the following words by adding suitable prefixes:
approve,connect,function,legible,conventional,sophisticated,social,
conduct,balnce,permeable,generate,reversible,consistent,mobile,significant,
forestation.
the disaster ?
2 Explain the following positions of articulation.
a. Bilabial
b. Labio-dental
c. Dental
d. Alveolar
3. Imagine that you are a safety Engineer of a car manufacturing factory.There has been a fire accident in the factory and one of the workers has been badly hurt and is in the hospital.Your General Manager has asked you to send him a detailed report on the accident together with your recommendations for averting a similar accident in the future.Prepare a report accordingly.
4. Prepare the following passages for reading by marking tone group boundaries,and the accent and intonation.
He was a difficult child indeed.What had his parents not done to correct him!But the result was anything satisfactory .He was disobedient and rude,and sometimes even violent.At home he was a terror to his younger brother and sister,who often complianed of his cruelty.At school he was a bully of the worst kind.His classmates and his juniors were mortally afraid of him,and his teachers,one and all,complained of his rudeness and even arrogance.The Headmaster,finding himself under great pressure from both his students and colleagues,bundled him out one day,leaving his parents alone to bear the brunt of his madness.
5.From the story "A Service of Love"-Art or Love -which is more important?
6.(a) Write a short note on Fourth Estate.
(b) what do you know about press freedom day?What did the author remember while writing about it?
7. As the sports secretary of your college,write a report on the Annual Sports Day event that took place in your college.
8. Make Antonyms of the following words by adding suitable prefixes:
approve,connect,function,legible,conventional,sophisticated,social,
conduct,balnce,permeable,generate,reversible,consistent,mobile,significant,
forestation.
I B.Pharmacy Regular Examination,June 2008.PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
1 (a) Write short notes on tautomerization rections.
(b) Write short notes on :
Inductive effect.
Mesomeric effect
Resonance
Hyper conjucation
2 (a) What are aldehydes and ketones ? Write any three methods of prepartion and three
important reactions for each of them.
(b) What are conjugated dienes ? Explain the formation of 1:4 addition product in
dienes.
3 (a) Explain in detail Huckle's rule for aromaticity with the help of examples.
(b) Discuss Birch reduction and two important reactions of polynuclear compounds.
4 (a) Discuss the mechanism of elimination reaction of aliphatic halogen compounds
and explain its stereochemistry.
(b) What is benzyne concept ? Explaian its mechanism.
5 (a) Discuss in detail by taking suitable examples the important rearrangement
reactions involving carbon-nitrogen migration. Also comment on the mechanism.
(b) Explain Meerwein-pondroff verley reduction.
6 What are aldehydes and ketones ? Write any three important methods of prepartion
and reaction mechanism of aldol condensation,cannizzaro reaction.
7 Write a detail note about any four synthesis using aceto acetic ester,malonic
ester and its applications.
8 (a) Explain the considering inductive effects compare the basicity of methylamine
and butylamine.
(b) Discuss reductive reactions of aromatic nitro compounds.
(b) Write short notes on :
Inductive effect.
Mesomeric effect
Resonance
Hyper conjucation
2 (a) What are aldehydes and ketones ? Write any three methods of prepartion and three
important reactions for each of them.
(b) What are conjugated dienes ? Explain the formation of 1:4 addition product in
dienes.
3 (a) Explain in detail Huckle's rule for aromaticity with the help of examples.
(b) Discuss Birch reduction and two important reactions of polynuclear compounds.
4 (a) Discuss the mechanism of elimination reaction of aliphatic halogen compounds
and explain its stereochemistry.
(b) What is benzyne concept ? Explaian its mechanism.
5 (a) Discuss in detail by taking suitable examples the important rearrangement
reactions involving carbon-nitrogen migration. Also comment on the mechanism.
(b) Explain Meerwein-pondroff verley reduction.
6 What are aldehydes and ketones ? Write any three important methods of prepartion
and reaction mechanism of aldol condensation,cannizzaro reaction.
7 Write a detail note about any four synthesis using aceto acetic ester,malonic
ester and its applications.
8 (a) Explain the considering inductive effects compare the basicity of methylamine
and butylamine.
(b) Discuss reductive reactions of aromatic nitro compounds.
I B.Pharmacy Regular Examination,June 2008.ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
1 a) What are epithelial cells ? Classify them and Write their functions.
b) Define tissue.Write about connective tissue cells.
2 a) Write the composition of the blood with its normal values and explain how it is
altered in the pathophysiological state.
b) Write a note on structure of RBC and its functions.
3 a) What are the different valves of heart?Write its functions?
b) Write a note on blood pressure.
4 a) Write the different types of movement occuring in the GI tract.
b) Give an account of physiology of oral cavity.
5 a) Explain the Anatomy and Physiology of pulmonary circulation.
b) Write a note on mechanism of respiration.
6 a) Enumerate the chemical substance involved in synaptic transmission.
b) Write about anatomy and physiology of thalamus
7 a) Write about the compositions of urine.Explain the pathway of urine flow.
b) Write a note on ureters.
8 a) What are the effects of 'Thyroid' hormone on different parts of the body ?
b) Discuss about anatomy of thyroid gland.
b) Define tissue.Write about connective tissue cells.
2 a) Write the composition of the blood with its normal values and explain how it is
altered in the pathophysiological state.
b) Write a note on structure of RBC and its functions.
3 a) What are the different valves of heart?Write its functions?
b) Write a note on blood pressure.
4 a) Write the different types of movement occuring in the GI tract.
b) Give an account of physiology of oral cavity.
5 a) Explain the Anatomy and Physiology of pulmonary circulation.
b) Write a note on mechanism of respiration.
6 a) Enumerate the chemical substance involved in synaptic transmission.
b) Write about anatomy and physiology of thalamus
7 a) Write about the compositions of urine.Explain the pathway of urine flow.
b) Write a note on ureters.
8 a) What are the effects of 'Thyroid' hormone on different parts of the body ?
b) Discuss about anatomy of thyroid gland.
I B.Pharmacy Regular Examination,June 2008.PHYSICAL PHARMACY I
1 a)What are the different gas laws ? Define and derive their equations.
b)Write different methods of liquefaction of gases.
2 a)Define the law of thermodynamics.
b)What is the significance of entropy in thermodynamics.
3 a)Write construction and working of Abbe Refractometer?
b)Define molar refraction and write its applications.
4 What do you meant by Solutions of Non electrolytes.Explain.
5 a) Write about Van't Hoff Theory of Solutions in detail.
b) What is meant by Equivalent conductance.
6 a)Define and discuss acid-base equilibria.
b)Explain different modern theories to explain acids,bases and salts.
7 a)Write in detail Buffer Action-Mechanisms.
b)Write in detail on Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation.
8 Explain the methodology in the construction of Electrochemical Cells.
b)Write different methods of liquefaction of gases.
2 a)Define the law of thermodynamics.
b)What is the significance of entropy in thermodynamics.
3 a)Write construction and working of Abbe Refractometer?
b)Define molar refraction and write its applications.
4 What do you meant by Solutions of Non electrolytes.Explain.
5 a) Write about Van't Hoff Theory of Solutions in detail.
b) What is meant by Equivalent conductance.
6 a)Define and discuss acid-base equilibria.
b)Explain different modern theories to explain acids,bases and salts.
7 a)Write in detail Buffer Action-Mechanisms.
b)Write in detail on Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation.
8 Explain the methodology in the construction of Electrochemical Cells.
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